ваш помощник в управлении весом
Какие типы питания существуют и какие результаты у каждого?
коротко: смешанное питание, пескетарианство и лактоововегетарианство (при условии сбалансированности) имеют все шансы быть основой для здоровья; между этими тремя типами не обнаруживается устойчивых преимуществ, - мы можем выбирать любой вариант по желанию

типы питания обычно делятся по видам доступных / не доступных для питания продуктов,
основные это - 
 

  • смешанное питание (большая часть населения) - доступны все виды продуктов;
     
  • пескетарианство - доступны все виды продуктов (включая рыбу), кроме мяса животных и птиц;
     
  • вегетарианское питание (лактоововегетарианское) питание (по разным оценкам 3-10% населения) -
    недоступны мясо животных и птиц, рыба и морепродукты, доступны яйца и молочные продукты;
     
  • веганство  - исключены продукты животного происхождения;
     
  • сыроедение  - исключены все продукты растительного происхождения,
    а также тепловая обработка выше 50С, все продукты употребляются преимущественно сырыми;
     
  • палеосыроедение  - доступны продукты животного и растительного происхождения,
    но исключена тепловая обработка выше 50С, продукты употребляются преимущественно сырыми

 


по данным исследований успешно снабжать тело всеми нужными для его качественной работы веществам,
могут первые три из вышенаванных типов,-
смешанное питание, пескетарианство  и лактовоовегетаринаство

  • веганство и сыроедение (в сумме с веганством - менее 1% населения) - 
    в долгосрочной (1 год и более) обнаруживают дефициты пищевых веществ и ослабление работы тела,
    поэтому эти типы питания, даже при тщательной работе над балансом, не представляется возможным
    привести к потребностям тела (то есть сбалансировать); 
     
  • палеосыродение наиболее редкий и оттого наименее изученный тип питания,
    основные риски связаны с инфекционным заражением от пищи,
    не обработанной достаточным для обеспечения пищевой безопасности способом 


ни один из успешно показавших себя трех типов питания не является "автоматически" сбалансированным,
однако каждый из этих трех типов можно успешно сбалансировать  в пределах доступных групп продуктов
(о том, как это сделать см. 5 #простых шагов к балансу)

 

 

также качественными долгосрочными исследованиями, не выявлено преимуществ одного типа питания (например, вегетарианского) над другим типом питания (например, над смешанным типом) -
во всех случаях при прочих равных сбалансированное (без избытка и недостатка) по всем веществам питание,
соответствующее энергетическим затратам тела, позволяет сделать питание одной из основ сохранения здоровья, 
а нарушение этих условий, - способно принести вред, вне зависимости от типа питания

 


по данным исследований наилучшую основу для сохранения здоровья
создает комплекс из следующих факторов, -

  1. нормальный вес (рекомендации по весу в можете увидеть в Личном кабинете),
  2. сбалансированное питание (любое из трех названных типов),
  3. наличие физической активности (ВОЗ рекомендует минимум 150 минут в неделю занятий средней интенсивности),
  4. отсутствие табакокурения и неумеренного употребления алкоголя, 
  5. регулярные обследования для ранней профилактики болезней
    (например, онкологические заболевания, выявленные на ранних стадиях, в более, чем 90% случаев поддаются полному излечению, на поздних стадиях - вероятность выздоровления снижается до 10%)

 

сочетание этих 5-ти факторов не является гарантией отсутствия болезней и долголетия,
однако их наличие повышает шансы прожить долгую активную жизнь

источники

EPIC Oxford Study
www.epic-oxford.org

  

Центр исследования вегетарианского питания LomaLinda University
http://researchaffairs.llu.edu/

 

EPIC-Oxford: lifestyle characteristics and nutrient intakes in a cohort of 33 883 meat-eaters and 31 546 non meat-eaters in the UK.
Davey GK, Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Knox KH, Key TJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12740075
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BF14D307B5A33B572CFB2A3050410974/S1368980003000351a.pdf/epicoxfordlifestyle_characteristics_and_nutrient_intakes_in_a_cohort_of_33_883_meateaters_and_31_546_non_meateaters_in_the_uk.pdf 

 

Diet and body mass index in 38 000 EPIC-Oxford meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans E A Spencer
https://www.nature.com/articles/0802300#t2

 

Health effects of protein intake in healthy adults: a systematic literature review
Agnes N. Pedersen, Jens Kondrup, and Elisabet Børsheim
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730112/

 

Dietary protein requirements of younger and older adults.
Campbell WW, Johnson CA, McCabe GP, Carnell NS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18996869/
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/88/5/1322/4648885?searchresult=1

 

Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults.
Rand WM, Pellett PL, Young VR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12499330
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/77/1/109/4689641?searchresult=1

 

Functional impact of high protein intake on healthy elderly people.
Walrand S, Short KR, Bigelow ML, Sweatt AJ, Hutson SM, Nair KS
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18697911/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2575899/

 

High Protein Intake Associates with Cardiovascular Events but not with Loss of Renal Function
Nynke Halbesma, Stephan J.L. Bakker, Desiree F. Jansen, Ronald P. Stolk, Dick De Zeeuw, Paul E. De Jong, Ronald T. Gansevoort,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723984/

 

Dietary protein and risk of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged men
Sarah Rosner Preis, Meir J Stampfer, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C Willett, and Eric B Rimm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2954454/

 

Biomarker-Calibrated Energy and Protein Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women
Ross L. Prentice, Ying Huang, Lewis H. Kuller, Lesley F. Tinker, Linda Van Horn, Marcia L. Stefanick, Gloria Sarto, Judith Ockene and Karen C. Johnson
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033986/

 

Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet and long-term survival in a general population cohort.
Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Orfanos P, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17136037
https://www.nature.com/articles/1602557

 

Meat, fish and egg intake and risk of breast cancer.
Holmes MD, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Hankinson SE, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Willett WC.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12569578/

 

Meta-analysis of animal fat or animal protein intake and colorectal cancer.
Alexander DD, Cushing CA, Lowe KA, Sceurman B, Roberts MA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261724/

 

Current diet and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study including different sets of traditionally chosen control groups. Almendingen K, Hofstad B, Trygg K, Hoff G, Hussain A, Vatn M.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711754/

 

Meta-analysis of animal fat or animal protein intake and colorectal cancer.
Alexander DD, Cushing CA, Lowe KA, Sceurman B, Roberts MA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261724/

 

Current diet and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study including different sets of traditionally chosen control groups.
Almendingen K, Hofstad B, Trygg K, Hoff G, Hussain A, Vatn M.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711754/

 

Colorectal adenomas and diet: a case-control study. Colorectal Adenoma Study Group.
Breuer-Katschinski B, Nemes K, Marr A, Rump B, Leiendecker B, Breuer N, Goebell H; Colorectal Adenoma Study Group.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11270799/

 

Macronutrients and colorectal cancer: a Swiss case-control study.
Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, La Vecchia C.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11996466/

 

Energy, macronutrients and laryngeal cancer risk.
Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Negri E, Levi F, Fryzek J, McLaughlin JK, Garavello W, Franceschi S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12796029/

 

Diet and nutrient intakes and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Connecticut women.
Zheng T, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Zhang Y, Zahm SH, Flynn S, Tallini G, Zhang B, Zhou K, Owens PH, Lan Q, Rothman N, Boyle P.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14977641/

 

Nutrient intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer.
Mayne ST, Risch HA, Dubrow R, Chow WH, Gammon MD, Vaughan TL, Farrow DC, Schoenberg JB, Stanford JL, Ahsan H, West AB, Rotterdam H, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588131/
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/10/10/1055.long

 

A case-control study of diet and the risk of ovarian cancer.
Pan SY, Ugnat AM, Mao Y, Wen SW, Johnson KC; Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15342455/
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/13/9/1521.long

 

Macronutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and pancreatic cancer.
Lucenteforte E, Talamini R, Bosetti C, Polesel J, Franceschi S, Serraino D, Negri E, La Vecchia C.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19850469/

 

Nutrients and risk of prostate cancer.
Hu J, La Vecchia C, Gibbons L, Negri E, Mery L.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661818/

 

Fat, protein, and meat consumption and renal cell cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies.
Lee JE, Spiegelman D, Hunter DJ, Albanes D, Bernstein L, van den Brandt PA, Buring JE, Cho E, English DR, Freudenheim JL, Giles GG, Graham S, Horn-Ross PL, Håkansson N, Leitzmann MF, Männistö S, McCullough ML, Miller AB, Parker AS, Rohan TE, Schatzkin A, Schouten LJ, Sweeney C, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zhang SM, Smith-Warner SA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19033572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2727138/

 

International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise
Bill Campbell Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2007
https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1550-2783-4-8#Abs1

 

Effect of dietary protein supplements on calcium excretion in healthy older men and women.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Rasmussen H, Song L, Dallal GE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001604

 

The impact of dietary protein on calcium absorption and kinetic measures of bone turnover in women.
Kerstetter JE, O'Brien KO, Caseria DM, Wall DE, Insogna KL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546911

 

Diets and selected lifestyle practices of self-defined adult vegetarians from a population-based sample suggest they are more 'health conscious'
Jennifer L Bedford1 and Susan Barr
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1090609/

 

Protein intake and kidney function in humans: its effect on 'normal aging'.
Blum M, Averbuch M, Wolman Y, Aviram A.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2912408

 

The impact of protein intake on renal function decline in women with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency.
Knight EL, Stampfer MJ, Hankinson SE, Spiegelman D, Curhan GC.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12639078


Китайское исследование. Результаты самого масштабного исследования связи питания и здоровья
Колин Кэмпбелл, Томас Кэмпбелл; М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2018 - 400с

 

The Protein Debate Loren Cordain,
PhD T. Colin Campbell, PhD
http://www.catalystathletics.com/articles/downloads/proteinDebate.pdf

 

A Nonadaptive Scenario Explaining the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity: The “Predation Release” Hypothesis
John R.Speakman
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155041310700160X

 

Пища людей, Козлов А.И., 2005, Наука для Всех, ВЕК-2

 

Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous
Diet Peter Clarys, Tom Deliens, Inge Huybrechts, Peter Deriemaeker, Barbara Vanaelst, Willem De Keyzer, Marcel Hebbelinck, and Patrick Mullie
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3967195/

 

Effects of Dietary Protein Source and Quantity during Weight Loss on Appetite, Energy Expenditure, and Cardio-Metabolic Responses. Li J, Armstrong CL, Campbell WW.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26821042
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772027/

 

Maternal nutrition in early and late pregnancy in relation to placental and fetal growth.
Godfrey K, Robinson S, Barker DJ, Osmond C, Cox V.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8601112

 

Maternal birthweight and diet in pregnancy in relation to the infant's thinness at birth.
Godfrey KM, Barker DJ, Robinson S, Osmond C.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197868

 

Essential fatty acid requirements of vegetarians in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy.
Sanders TA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10479231

 

Long-term ovo-lacto vegetarian diet impairs vitamin B-12 status in pregnant women.
Koebnick C, Hoffmann I, Dagnelie PC, Heins UA, Wickramasinghe SN, Ratnayaka ID, Gruendel S, Lindemans J, Leitzmann C.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570032

 

Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency: cause for neurological symptoms in infancy
Lücke T, Korenke GC, Poggenburg I, Bentele KH, Das AM, Hartmann H.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17729202

 

Maternal vegan diet causing a serious infantile neurological disorder due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Kühne T, Bubl R, Baumgartner R.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2044594?dopt=Abstract

 

Vegan–vegetarian diets in pregnancy: danger or panacea? A systematic narrative review 
https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1471-0528.13280

 


Vegetarian diets of breastfeeding women in the light of dietary recommendations. Strucińska M.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12053485

 

Исследования JLU Giessen Германия по растительному питанию 
http://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb09/institute/ernaehrungswissenschaft/prof/nutr-ecol/forsch/forsch-epid/beta-carotene

 

Consequences of a long-term raw food diet on body weight and menstruation: results of a questionnaire survey.
Koebnick C, Strassner C, Hoffmann I, Leitzmann C.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10436305

 

Veröffentlichungen • Raw Food Eaters: Health Habits and Nutrient Intake
C. Strassner, S. Doerries, K. Kwanbunjan , C. Leitzmann Poster for the 16th International Congress of Nutrition, 27.7-1.8.1997, Montreal, Canada
http://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb09/institute/ernaehrungswissenschaft/prof/nutr-ecol/veroeff/voeff-epid/rawfood

 

Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte, platelet, and serum lipids in strict vegans.
Agren JJ, Törmälä ML, Nenonen MT, Hänninen OO.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7609607

 

Dental erosions in subjects living on a raw food diet. Ganss C, Schlechtriemen M, Klimek J. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831783

 

Resting metabolic rate and postprandial thermogenesis in vegetarians and nonvegetarians
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3044062

 

Association of vegan diet with RMR, body composition and oxidative stress.
Nadimi H, Yousefi Nejad A, Djazayery A, Hosseini M, Hosseini S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24584960

 

Shifting from a conventional diet to an uncooked vegan diet reversibly alters fecal hydrolytic activities in humans.
Ling WH, Hänninen O.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1552366

 

An uncooked vegan diet shifts the profile of human fecal microflora: computerized analysis of direct stool sample gas-liquid chromatography profiles of bacterial cellular fatty acids.
Peltonen R, Ling WH, Hänninen O, Eerola E.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1482187

 

Long-term strict raw food diet is associated with favourable plasma beta-carotene and low plasma lycopene concentrations in Germans.
Garcia AL, Koebnick C, Dagnelie PC, Strassner C, Elmadfa I, Katz N, Leitzmann C, Hoffmann I.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18028575

 

Metabolic vitamin B12 status on a mostly raw vegan diet with follow-up using tablets, nutritional yeast, or probiotic supplements.
Donaldson MS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11146329

 

Vitamin B-12 status of long-term adherents of a strict uncooked vegan diet ("living food diet") is compromised.
Rauma AL, Törrönen R, Hänninen O, Mykkänen H.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7562085

 

Long-Term Consumption of a Raw Food Diet Is Associated with Favorable Serum LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Also with Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and Low Serum HDL Cholesterol in Humans
Corinna Koebnick Ada L. Garcia Pieter C. Dagnelie Carola Strassner Jan LindemansNorbert Katz Claus Leitzmann Ingrid Hoffmann
https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/135/10/2372/4669843#T4

 

Vegetarian Dietary Patterns Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome The Adventist Health Study 2
Nico S. Rizzo, PHD
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/34/5/1225

 

Vegan diet alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms. Kaartinen K, Lammi K, Hypen M, Nenonen M, Hanninen O, Rauma AL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11093597

 

Antioxidants in vegan diet and rheumatic disorders.
Hänninen, Kaartinen K, Rauma AL, Nenonen M, Törrönen R, Häkkinen AS, Adlercreutz H, Laakso J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11156742

 

Vegan diet in physiological health promotion.
Hänninen O, Rauma AL, Kaartinen K, Nenonen M.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10943644

 

Adequacy of a vegetarian diet at old age (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System).
H A Brants, M R Löwik,S Westenbrink,K F Hulshof &C Kistemaker
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07315724.1990.10720383

 

The long-term health of vegetarians and vegans.
Appleby PN, Key TJ.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/longterm-health-of-vegetarians-and-vegans/263822873377096A7BAC4F887D42A4CA/core-reader
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26707634

 

A two-year randomized weight loss trial comparing a vegan diet to a more moderate low-fat diet.
Turner-McGrievy GM, Barnard ND, Scialli AR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17890496

 

A vegetarian dietary pattern as a nutrient-dense approach to weight management: an analysis of the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2004.
Farmer B, Larson BT, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Rainville AJ, Liepa GU.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616194

 

Popular diets: correlation to health, nutrition, and obesity.
Kennedy ET, Bowman SA, Spence JT, Freedman M, King J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11320946

 

Nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets for weight management: observations from the NHANES.
Farmer B.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24871478

 

Vegetarian diets and childhood obesity prevention Joan Sabaté Michelle Wien https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/91/5/1525S/4597472

 

A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Turner-McGrievy G, Gloede L, Jaster B, Seidl K, Green AA, Talpers S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873779

 

Mortality in vegetarians and non-vegetarians: a collaborative analysis of 8300 deaths among 76,000 men and women in five prospective studies.
Key TJ, Fraser GE, Thorogood M, Appleby PN, Beral V, Reeves G, Burr ML, Chang-Claude J, Frentzel-Beyme R, Kuzma JW, Mann J, McPherson K.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10555529

 

Vascular dysfunction in Chinese vegetarians: an apparent paradox?
Kwok T, Chook P, Tam L, Qiao M, Woo JL, Celermajer DS, Woo KS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286186

 

Arterial function of carotid and brachial arteries in postmenopausal vegetarians
Ta-Chen Su, Pao-Ling Torng, Jiann-Shing Jeng, Ming-Fong Chen, and Chiau-Suong Liau
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166191/

 

Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Mortality in Adventist Health Study 2
Dr. Michael J. Orlich, MD, Dr. Pramil N Singh, DrPH, Dr. Joan Sabaté, MD, DrPH, Dr. Karen Jaceldo-Siegl, DrPH, Ms. Jing Fan, MS, Dr. Synnove Knutsen, MD, PhD, Dr. W. Lawrence Beeson, DrPH, and Dr. Gary E. Fraser, MBchB, PhD
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191896/

 

Cancer in British vegetarians: updated analyses of 4998 incident cancers in a cohort of 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, 18,298 vegetarians, and 2246 vegans
Timothy J Key Paul N Appleby Francesca L Crowe Kathryn E BradburyJulie A Schmidt Ruth C Travis
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/100/suppl_1/378S/4576497

 

Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people.
Sinha R, Cross AJ, Graubard BI, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19307518

 

Comparative fracture risk in vegetarians and nonvegetarians in EPIC-Oxford
P Appleby
https://www.nature.com/articles/1602659

 

Effects of meat consumption and vegetarian diet on risk of wrist fracture over 25 years in a cohort of peri- and postmenopausal women
Donna L Thorpe, Synnove F Knutsen, W Lawrence Beeson, Sujatha Rajaram
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutrition/article/effects-of-meat-consumption-and-vegetarian-diet-on-risk-of-wrist-fracture-over-25-years-in-a-cohort-of-peri-and-postmenopausal-women/262D049394FCA6939E4204BFABE8A180

 

Legumes and meat analogues consumption are associated with hip fracture risk independently of meat intake among Caucasian men and women: the Adventist Health Study-2.
Lousuebsakul-Matthews V, Thorpe DL, Knutsen R, Beeson WL, Fraser GE, Knutsen SF.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24103482

 

Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis
Lan T Ho-Pham Nguyen D Nguyen Tuan V Nguyen
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/90/4/943/4597049

 

Dietary intake of vitamin D in premenopausal, healthy vegans was insufficient to maintain concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone within normal ranges during the winter in Finland.
Outila TA, Kärkkäinen MU, Seppänen RH, Lamberg-Allardt CJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10767899

 

Mortality in British vegetarians: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford)
Timothy J Key Paul N Appleby Elizabeth A Spencer Ruth C TravisAndrew W Roddam Naomi E Allen
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/89/5/1613S/4596950

 

Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2.
Orlich MJ, Singh PN, Sabaté J, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Fan J, Knutsen S, Beeson WL, Fraser GE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23836264
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191896/

 

Mortality in British vegetarians: review and preliminary results from EPIC-Oxford.
Key TJ, Appleby PN, Davey GK, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12936946

 

A vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human colonic faecal microbiota
J Zimmer
https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2011141
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21811294/

 

A vegan or vegetarian diet substantially alters the human colonic faecal microbiota
https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2011141#t1

 

Understanding sustainable diets: a descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability.
Johnston JL, Fanzo JC, Cogill B.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25022991

 

Understanding Sustainable Diets: A Descriptive Analysis of the Determinants and Processes That Influence Diets and Their Impact on Health, Food Security, and Environmental Sustainability
Jessica L. Johnston, Jessica C. Fanzo,5 and Bruce Cogill
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085190/
https://academic.oup.com/advances/article/5/4/418/4568624

 

Sustainable diets for the future: can we contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by eating a healthy diet?
Jennie I Macdiarmid Janet Kyle Graham W Horgan Jennifer Loe Claire FyfeAlexandra Johnstone Geraldine McNeill
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/96/3/632/4576889
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22854399

 

Potential contributions of food consumption patterns to climate change.
Carlsson-Kanyama A, González AD.
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/89/5/1704S/4596965
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339402

 

Plenary Lecture 3: Food and the planet: nutritional dilemmas of greenhouse gas emission reductions through reduced intakes of meat and dairy foods.
Millward DJ, Garnett T.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20003639

 

Greenhouse gas emission of diets in the Netherlands and associations with food, energy and macronutrient intakes.
Temme EH, Toxopeus IB, Kramer GF, Brosens MC, Drijvers JM, Tyszler M, Ocké MC.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543460

 

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Australian Diet—Comparing Dietary Recommendations with Average Intakes
Gilly A. Hendrie, Brad G. Ridoutt, Thomas O. Wiedmann, and Manny Noakes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24406846
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916862/

 

The relative greenhouse gas impacts of realistic dietary choices Author links open overlay panelM.
Berners-LeeaC.HoolohanaH.CammackaC.N.Hewittb
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511010603?via%3Dihub

 

Foods and Dietary Patterns That Are Healthy, Low-Cost, and Environmentally Sustainable: A Case Study of Optimization Modeling for New Zealand
Nick Wilson, Nhung Nghiem, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Helen Eyles, Michael G. Baker and Tony Blakely
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3609827/#pone.0059648.s001

 

Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO) Analysis of the life cycle environmental impacts related to the final consumption of the EU-25
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ipp/pdf/eipro_report.pdf

 

Modelling the health impact of environmentally sustainable dietary scenarios in the UK
P Scarborough, S Allender, D Clarke, K Wickramasinghe and M Rayner
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3389618/

 

Global warming: is weight loss a solution?
Gryka A, Broom J, Rolland C.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792168
https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2011151

 

Modelling the impact of a healthy diet on cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality.
Scarborough P, Nnoaham KE, Clarke D, Capewell S, Rayner M.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172796/

 

Differences in coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer mortality rates between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: the role of diet and nutrition
Peter Scarborough, Robert David Morgan, Premila Webster,3 and Mike Rayner
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080528/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227806/

 

Commentary: Why diets need to change to avert harm from global warming
John Powles
https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/38/4/1141/863183

 

Population adiposity and climate change
Phil Edwards Ian Roberts
https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/38/4/1137/850804
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377099

 

Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health.
McMichael AJ, Powles JW, Butler CD, Uauy R.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(07)61256-2/fulltext
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17868818

 

Trends in greenhouse gas emissions from consumption and production of animal food products - implications for long-term climate targets.
Cederberg C, Hedenus F, Wirsenius S, Sonesson U.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23031741
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/trends-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-consumption-and-production-of-animal-food-products-implications-for-longterm-climate-targets/91787694CF01DE216351A7EF3B89D72D/core-reader

 

Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter?
Harold J Marlow William K Hayes Samuel Soret Ronald L Carter Ernest R SchwabJoan Sabaté
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/89/5/1699S/4596964

 

Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)30041-8/fulltext

 

WHO - Population nutrient intake goals for preventing diet-related chronic diseases
https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/5_population_nutrient/en/

 

ВОЗ: Здоровое питание
https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet

 

Глобальная стратегия по питанию, физической активности и здоровью
https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/ru/

 

ВОЗ: Глобальная стратегия по питанию, физической активности и здоровью
https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/ru/

 

Глобальные рекомендации по физической активности для здоровья
https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/9789241599979/ru/
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44399/9789244599976_rus.pdf?ua=1

читайте также
Добро пожаловать в простоЕМ!

Здесь вы можете посмотреть ваши
индивидуальные рекомендации по весу,
выбрать Тариф, оплатить и начать участие
в программе. Сразу после оплаты на вашу
почту придет письмо с дальнейшими
инструкциями.