ваш помощник в управлении весом
Я читала, что мы зависим от сахара и шоколада как наркоманы, как избавиться от этой зависимости?
коротко: нет, теория "пищевой наркомании" (болезненной зависимости от еды) действительно существовала, но на сегодняшний день полностью опровергнута, поскольку механизмы, приводящие к накоплению веса существенно отличаются от иррациональных зависимостей (табак, алкоголь, наркотики)

теория «пищевой наркомании» как по поводу еды в целом,
так и по поводу отдельных групп продуктов -
в том числе сладких, мучных, соленых, "фаст фуда", высокообработанны продуктов,
была выдвинута в прошлом веке,
однако позже была опровергнута последующими исследованиями

исследования показали, что стремление к еде (даже когда еда объективно превышает потребности тела)
является не следствием наркомании, а нормальным физиологическим процессом, регулирующим голод и аппетит,
и это процесс не идет ни в какое сравнение со стремлением к наркотическим веществам, 
а также существенно отличается от алкоголизма и табакокурения, как по силе,
так по механизму действия и последствиям для здоровья


по сравнению с реальной наркотической зависимостью стермление к избыточному питанию
относительно легко поддается регулированию
(даже на фоне расстройств пищевого поведения, в том числе булимии), -
поэтому на сегодняшний день применение слова «зависимость»
по отношению к питанию считается некорректным

 

о вероятных причинах накопления веса смотрите в этом видео (начиная с 5:30) -


источники

Павлов И. П. Двадцатилетний опыт объективного изучения высшей деятельности (поведения) животных.
— М.: Наука, 1973. — 661 с.

 

Differences in fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism between lean and obese subjects undergoing total starvation.
Elia M, Stubbs RJ, Henry CJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10574520

 

The tempted brain eats: Pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders
Kent C.Berridge Chao-YiHo Jocelyn M. Richard Alexandra G.DiFelice antonio
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899310008115

 

Hedonic hunger: A new dimension of appetite?
Michael R.LoweMeghan L.Butryn
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938407001321

 

Food reward. What it is and how to measure it
Peter J.RogersaCharlotte A.Hardmanb
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666315000793

 

Food reward: Brain substrates of wanting and liking
Kent C.Berridge
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014976349500033B

 

Stimulus-induced eating when satiated
Carol E.Cornell JudithRodin HarveyWeingarten
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031938489902813

 

Priming healthy eating. You can't prime all the people all of the time
Suzanna E.ForwoodaAmy L.AhernbGareth J.HollandsaYin-LamNgaTheresa M.Marteaua
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666315000276

 

How Many Calories Are on Our Plate? Expected Fullness, Not Liking, Determines Meal‐size Selection
Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, Peter J. Rogers
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1038/oby.2009.201

 

A Nonadaptive Scenario Explaining the Genetic Predisposition to Obesity: The “Predation Release” Hypothesis
John R.Speakman
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155041310700160X

 

Body mass change strategies in blackbirds Turdus merula: the starvation–predation risk trade‐off
R. Macleod, P. Barnett, J. A. Clark, W. Cresswell
https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00923.x

 

Differences in fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism between lean and obese subjects undergoing total starvation.
Elia M, Stubbs RJ, Henry CJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10574520

 

Learning to starve: impacts of food limitation beyond the stress period
Marshall D. McCue, John S. Terblanche, Joshua B. Benoit
Journal of Experimental Biology 2017 220: 4330-4338; doi: 10.1242/jeb.157867 http://jeb.biologists.org/content/220/23/4330.long
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29187615

 

The biochemistry of natural fasting at its limits.
Castellini MA, Rea LD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1612138

 

The comparative physiology of food deprivation: from feast to famine.
Wang T, Hung CC, Randall DJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16460272

 

An Introduction to Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation
Marshall D. McCue
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-29056-5_1

 

Torpor during Reproduction in Mammals and Birds: Dealing with an Energetic Conundrum
B. M. McAllan Fritz Geiser Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 54, Issue 3, 1 September 2014, Pages 516–532,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu093
https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/54/3/516/2797887

 

Weight and tissue changes in long term starved frogs Rana esculenta
Sarah Grably Yvette Piery
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0300962981901560?via%3Dihub

 

Snakes survive starvation by employing supply- and demand-side economic strategies.
McCue MD
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17644357

 

A nonadaptive scenario explaining the genetic predisposition to obesity: the "predation release" hypothesis.
Speakman JR
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618852%20
https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(07)00160-X

 

The new biology of body weight regulation.
Schwartz MW1, Seeley RJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8990418

 

Human obesity as a heritable disorder of the central control of energy balance
S O'Rahilly, I S Farooqi International Journal of Obesity volume32, pagesS55–S61 (2008) https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2008239

 

A Missing Link in Body Weight Homeostasis: The Catabolic Signal of the Overfed State
Yann Ravussin, Rudolph L.Leibel
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413114003994

 

Ожирение – болезнь нашего времени дмн В. Прозоровский
Санкт-Петербург Наука и жизнь, №9 2003
https://www.nkj.ru/archive/articles/3380/

 

The Hormonal Control of Food Intake Anthony
P.CollI. SadafFarooqi1StephenO'Rahilly
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867407004473

 

Neural Control of Energy Balance: Translating Circuits to Therapies
LaurentGautron, Joel K.Elmquis, Kevin W.Williams
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867415001890

 

Optimising foods for satiety
LucyChambersab KeriMcCrickerda Martin R.Yeomansa
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224414002386?via%3Dihub

 

The Hunger Genes: Pathways to Obesity
Agatha A.van der Klaauw I. SadafFarooqi
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867415002615

 

Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals
H Zheng, N R Lenard, A C Shin, H-R Berthoud
https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo200965

 

Gastric capacity, test meal intake, and appetitive hormones in binge eating disorder
Allan Geliebter Eric K.Yahav Marci E.Gluck Sami A.Hashim https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938404001635

 

Obesity and the Regulation of Energy Balance
Bruce M. Spiegelman, Jeffrey S. Flier
http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(01)00240-9?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867401002409%3Fshowall%3Dtrue

 

The phenomenon of famine.
Scrimshaw NS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3300728

 

Appetite and Gut Hormones Response to a Putative α-Glucosidase Inhibitor, Salacia Chinensis, in Overweight / Obese Adults: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Hao L, Schlussel Y, Fieselmann K, Schneider SH, Shapses SA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28805670

 

Gut hormones and appetite control.
Wren AM, Bloom SR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17498507

 

Gastrointestinal satiety signals III. Glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide.
Stanley S, Wynne K, Bloom S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15068960

 

Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite.
Huda MS, Wilding JP, Pinkney JH.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16629873

 

Gastrointestinal satiety signals.
Chaudhri OB1, Field BC, Bloom SR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136988

 

Gut hormones as peripheral anti obesity targets.
Small CJ, Bloom SR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15544446

 

Gut hormones and the control of appetite.
Small CJ, Bloom SR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15358278

 

Appetite and energy balancing
Peter J.Rogers Jeffrey M.Brunstrom
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938416301196?via%3Dihub#bb0035 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27059321

 

Episodic Memory and Appetite Regulation in Humans
Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, Jeremy F. Burn, Nicola R. Sell, Jane M. Collingwood, Peter J. Rogers, Laura L. Wilkinson, Elanor C. Hinton, Olivia M. Maynard, Danielle Ferriday
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0050707

 

Allostasis: A model of predictive regulation
Peter Sterling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938411003076

 

Hunger and satiety as conditioned reflexes.
Booth DA.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/15744433_Hunger_and_satiety_as_conditioned_reflexes

 

Regulation of hunger and satiety in man.
Plata-Salamán CR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1752065

 

Is the Energy Homeostasis System Inherently Biased Toward Weight Gain?
Michael W. Schwartz1, Stephen C. Woods, Randy J. Seeley, Gregory S. Barsh, Denis G. Baskin, Rudolph L. Leibel http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/52/2/232

 

Relation between food intake and visual analogue scale ratings of appetite and other sensations in healthy older and young subjects
B A Parker, K Sturm, C G MacIntosh, C Feinle, M Horowitz, I M Chapman
https://www.nature.com/articles/1601768
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14749739

 

Leading the consumer by the nose: on the commercialization of olfactory design for the food and beverage sector,
Charles Spence
https://flavourjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13411-015-0041-1

 

Auditory contributions to flavour perception and feeding behaviour
Charles Spence
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031938412001813

 

Effects of Visual Food Texture on Taste Perception
Katsunori Okajima, Charles Spence
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/ic966

 

Effects of overfeeding on the neuronal response to visual food cues.
Cornier MA1, Von Kaenel SS, Bessesen DH, Tregellas JR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17921372

 

Tasting with Eyes
Nobuyuki Sakai
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1068/ic945

 

Leptin and seasonal mammals.
Rousseau K, Atcha Z, Loudon AS.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12622842

 

Food Reward in the Absence of Taste Receptor Signaling
Ivan E. de Araujo, etc.
https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(08)00119-0

 

Does the Method of Weight Loss Effect Long-Term Changes in Weight, Body Composition or Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review
Richard A. Washburn,  Amanda N. Szabo, Kate Lambourne, Erik A. Willis, Lauren T. Ptomey, 1Jeffery J. Honas,Stephen D. Herrmann, and Joseph E. Donnelly  
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4198137/

 

Central regulation of energy balance: inputs, outputs and leptin resistance. Arch JR1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15877921

 

The temporal organization of ingestive behaviour and its interaction with regulation of energy balance.
Strubbe JH, van Dijk G.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12204194

 

New model for the regulation of energy balance and adiposity by the central nervous system.
Kaiyala KJ, Woods SC, Schwartz MW.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7484931

 

Appetite control and energy balance regulation in the modern world: Reward-driven brain overrides repletion signals Huiyuan Zheng, Natalie Lenard, Andrew Shin, and Hans-Rudolf Berthoud https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2838178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19528982

 

A systematic review of the effects of experimental fasting on cognition
Erik M.Benaua, Natalia C.Orloffa, E. AmyJankea LucySerpellbc C. AlixTimkoa https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666314001081

 

When satiety evaluation is inspired by sensory analysis: A new approach
AurélieLesdémaab, etc.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950329315300057

 

Debunking a myth: neurohormonal and vagal modulation of sleep centers, not redistribution of blood flow, may account for postprandial somnolence
Kimberly A.Bazara A.JoonYunb Patrick Y.Leeb
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306987704003081

 

Ghrelin Modulates Brain Activity in Areas that Control Appetitive Behavior Saima Malik, etc.
https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(08)00078-8

 

The effect of a medium-term activity- and diet-induced energy deficit on subjective appetite sensations in obese children,
N A King, etc.
https://www.nature.com/articles/0803391

 

Individual variability following 12 weeks of supervised exercise: identification and characterization of compensation for exercise-induced weight loss
N A King, etc.
https://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v32/n1/full/0803712a.html

 

Is there evidence for a set point that regulates human body weight?
Manfred J Müller, Anja Bosy-Westphal, and Steven B Heymsfield
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990627/

 

Preoccupation, food, and failure: An investigation of cognitive performance deficits in dieters
Nicola Jones, Peter J. Rogers
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eat.10124

 

Effects of small-intestinal fat and carbohydrate infusions on appetite and food intake in obese and nonobese men
Ian M Chapman Elizabeth A Goble Gary A Wittert Michael Horowitz
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/69/1/6/4694109

 

Caloric Restriction But Not Exercise-Induced Reductions in Fat Mass Decrease Plasma Triiodothyronine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled
Trial Edward P. Weiss, Dennis T. Villareal, Susan B. Racette, Karen Steger-May, Bhartur N. Premachandra, Samuel Klein, and Luigi Fontana
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649744/

 

Low Calorie Dieting Increases
Cortisol A. Janet Tomiyama, Ph.D.,a Traci Mann, Ph.D.,b Danielle Vinas, B.A.,c Jeffrey M. Hunger, B.A.,b Jill DeJager, MPH., RD,d and Shelley E. Taylor, Ph.D.c
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895000/

 

Effect of human body weight changes on circulating levels of peptide YY and peptide YY3-36.
Pfluger PT, Kampe J, Castaneda TR, Vahl T, D'Alessio DA, Kruthaupt T, Benoit SC, Cuntz U, Rochlitz HJ, Moehlig M, Pfeiffer AF, Koebnick C, Weickert MO, Otto B, Spranger J, Tschöp MH.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119001
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/92/2/583/2566792

 

Just a bite: Considerably smaller snack portions satisfy delayed hunger and craving
Ellenvan Kleefa Mitsuru Shimizub Brian Wansinkb https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0950329312001188

 

Strategies to Improve Adherence to Dietary Weight Loss Interventions in Research and Real-World Settings
Alice A. Gibson and Amanda Sainsbury
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618052/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696389

 

Is glycemic index of food a feasible predictor of appetite, hunger, and satiety?
Niwano Y, Adachi T, Kashimura J, Sakata T, Sasaki H, Sekine K, Yamamoto S, Yonekubo A, Kimura S. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19602827
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv/55/3/55_3_201/_article

 

Relationship of satiety to postprandial glycaemic, insulin and cholecystokinin responses.
Holt S, Brand J, Soveny C, Hansky J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1610161?dopt=Abstract

 

Wholegrain vs. refined wheat bread and pasta.
Effect on postprandial glycemia, appetite, and subsequent ad libitum energy intake in young healthy adults.
Kristensen M, Jensen MG, Riboldi G, Petronio M, Bügel S, Toubro S, Tetens I, Astrup A. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837118

 

Dietary fibre and satiety
J. Slavin, H. Green
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00603.x

 

Satiety effects of psyllium in healthy volunteers
Jose M.Bruma Roger D.Gibba John C.Petersb Richard D.Mattesc https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666316301738

 

The macronutrients, appetite and energy intake
Alicia L Carreiro, Jaapna Dhillon, Susannah Gordon, Ashley G Jacobs, Kelly A Higgins, Breanna M McArthur, Benjamin W Redan, Rebecca L Rivera, Leigh R Schmidt, and Richard D Mattes
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960974/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431364

 

Short-term effects of different amounts of protein, fats, and carbohydrates on satiety
C de Graaf T Hulshof J A Weststrate P Jas The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 55, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 33–38,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/55.1.33
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/55/1/33/4715292?redirectedFrom=fulltext

 

Soup preloads in a variety of forms reduce meal energy intake
Julie E. Flood1,2 and Barbara J. Rolls
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2128765/

 

The acute effects of four protein meals on insulin, glucose, appetite and energy intake in lean men.
Pal S, Ellis V.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20456814

 

Emotional overeating and its associations with eating disorder psychopathology among overweight patients with Binge eating disorder
Robin M. Masheb PhD, Carlos M. Grilo PhD
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eat.20221

 

Experimental analyses of the effects of variety in a meal on human feeding
B J Rolls The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 42, Issue 5, 1 November 1985, Pages 932–939 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/42.5.932
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/42/5/932/4692173

 

Is it possible to dissociate 'liking' and 'wanting' for foods in humans? A novel experimental procedure.
Finlayson G, King N, Blundell JE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052736

 

The role of implicit wanting in relation to explicit liking and wanting for food: implications for appetite control.
Finlayson G, King N, Blundell J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17655972/

 

Liking compared with wanting for high- and low-calorie foods in anorexia nervosa: aberrant food reward even after weight restoration.
Cowdrey FA, Finlayson G, Park RJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23364019

 

Validation of the flexible and rigid control dimensions of dietary restraint.
Westenhoefer J1, Stunkard AJ, Pudel V.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10349584

 

Assessing various aspects of the motivation to eat that can affect food intake and body weight control.
Bellisle F.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19393389

 

Disinhibition: its effects on appetite and weight regulation.
Bryant EJ1, King NA, Blundell JE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179615

 

On the relation of flexible and rigid control of eating to body mass index and overeating in patients with binge eating disorder.
Masheb RM, Grilo CM.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11835301

 

Beverage consumption, appetite, and energy intake: what did you expect?
Bridget A Cassady Robert V Considine Richard D Mattes
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/95/3/587/4578296

 

Focusing on food during lunch enhances lunch memory and decreases later snack intake
Suzanne Higgs Jessica E.Donohoe
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666311001371

 

Playing a computer game during lunch affects fullness, memory for lunch, and later snack intake
Rose E Oldham-Cooper Charlotte A Hardman Charlotte E Nicoll Peter J RogersJeffrey M Brunstrom https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/93/2/308/4597636

 

Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies
P J Rogers, etc.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2015177

читайте также
Добро пожаловать в простоЕМ!

Здесь вы можете посмотреть ваши
индивидуальные рекомендации по весу,
выбрать Тариф, оплатить и начать участие
в программе. Сразу после оплаты на вашу
почту придет письмо с дальнейшими
инструкциями.