ваш помощник в управлении весом
Какие методы снижения веса существуют и какие результаты у каждого метода?

в таблице ниже представлены результаты качественных (уровень доказательности I-II), хорошо контролируемых исследований, по наиболее популярным методам снижения веса

 

как видно из таблицы, наибольший эффект в снижении веса у коррекции питания,

остальные методы с точки зрения снижения веса имеют много меньшую эффективность, и могут быть использованы как необязательное дополнение к коррекции питания, и без коррекции питания практически не оказывают влияния на вес 

источники

Obesity: Preventing And Managing The Global Epidemic Report of a WHO Consultation
WHO, Geneva, 2000

 

The Practical Guide Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2000

 

Codex Alimentarius, WHO
http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/en/

 

Obesity: Identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in children, young people and adults Methods, evidence and recommendations November 2014 Commissioned By The National Institute For Health And Care Excellence Managing Overweight And Obesity In Adults: Systematic Evidence Review From The Obesity Expert Panel,
USA, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2013

 

2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society, 2013
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee

 

Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements
Jennifer J. Otten, Jennifer Pitzi Hellwig, Linda D. Meyers, USA, 2006

 

Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the revision of reference values for nutrition labelling
European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-general, 2003

 

Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids /
Panel on Macronutrients, Panel on the Definition of Dietary Fiber, Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board. USA, 2002-2005

 

Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федерации
Методические рекомендации МР 2.3.1.2432 -08 Под рук. Тутельян В.А. РФ,2008

 

Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H. L.,
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University of Minnesota Press, 1950.

 

Разгрузочно-диетическая терапия в клинике внутренних болезней А.Н.Кокосов,В.М.Луфт,Е.И.Ткаченко,И.Е.Хорошилов Санкт-Петербург, 1995

 

Collection of data on products intended for use in very-low-calorie-diets
Report of experts participating in Task 7.3
September 2002 Directorate-General Health and Consumer Protection

 

Human energy requirements
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Rome, 17–24 October 2001

 

The Response to Long-Term Overfeeding in Identical Twins
Claude Bouchard, Ph.D., etc.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199005243222101

 

Genetic Influences on the Response of Body Fat and Fat Distribution to Positive and Negative Energy Balances in Human Identical Twins
Claude Bouchard Angelo Tremblay The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 127, Issue 5, 1 May 1997,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.943S
https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/127/5/943S/4724127

 

What is the required energy deficit per unit weight loss?
Hall KD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17848938
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2376744/
https://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v32/n3/full/0803720a.html

 

Sexual dimorphism in the energy content of weight change.
Pietrobelli A1, Allison DB, Heshka S, Heo M, Wang ZM, Bertkau A, Laferrère B, Rosenbaum M, Aloia JF, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12355329

 

Adipose tissue density, estimated adipose lipid fraction and whole body adiposity in male cadavers.
Martin AD1, Daniel MZ, Drinkwater DT, Clarys JP.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8148928

 

Body fat content influences the body composition response to nutrition and exercise. Forbes GB1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10865771

 

The Evolution of Very‐Low‐Calorie Diets: An Update and Meta‐analysis
Adam Gilden Tsai Thomas A. Wadden First published: 06 September 2012 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2006.146/full#f3

 

Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after The Biggest Loser competition
Erin Fothergill, Juen Guo, Lilian Howard, Jennifer C. Kerns, Nicolas D. Knuth,3 Robert Brychta, Kong Y. Chen, Monica C. Skarulis, Mary Walter, Peter J. Walter, and Kevin D. Hall,
First published: 02 May 2016
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.21538/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4989512/

 

Weight management in obesity – past and present
D. Haslam 1
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Benefits and risks of an intensive very-low-calorie diet program for severe obesity.
Anderson JW1, Hamilton CC, Brinkman-Kaplan V.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1728126

 

Dietary approaches to reducing body weight.
Astrup A.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10932679

 

Predicting metabolic adaptation, body weight change, and energy intake in humans
Kevin D. Hall
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2838532/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19934407/

 

Thermodynamics of weight loss diets.
Fine EJ1, Feinman RD.
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Why do obese patients not lose more weight when treated with low-calorie diets? A mechanistic perspective
Steven B Heymsfield, etc.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/85/2/346.long
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/85/2/346/4649515
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17284728 

 

Desaturation of skeletal muscle structural and depot lipids in obese individuals during a very-low-calorie diet intervention.
Haugaard SB1, Vaag A, Høy CE, Madsbad S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17228039

 

Compliance, clinical effects, and factors predicting weight reduction during a very low calorie diet regime.
Høie LH1, Bruusgaard D.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777729

 

Year-long weight loss treatment for obese patients with type II diabetes: does including an intermittent very-low-calorie diet improve outcome?
Wing RR, Blair E, Marcus M, Epstein LH, Harvey J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7942937

 

Weight loss with very-low-calorie diet and cardiovascular risk factors in moderately obese women: one-year follow-up study including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Pekkarinen T, Takala I, Mustajoki P.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705026

VLCD versus LCD in long-term treatment of obesity.
Rössner S1, Flaten H.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9023596

 

Long-term effects of a very low calorie diet (Nutrilett) in obesity treatment. A prospective, randomized, comparison between VLCD and a hypocaloric diet+behavior modification and their combination.
Ryttig KR, Flaten H, Rössner S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9226488

 

Weight maintenance after a very low calorie diet (VLCD) weight reduction period and the effects of VLCD supplementation. A prospective, randomized, comparative, controlled long-term trial.
Ryttig KR1, Rössner S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7595165
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9226488

 

Weight loss and dropout during a commercial weight-loss program including a very-low-calorie diet, a low-calorie diet, or restricted normal food: observational cohort study
Erik Hemmingsson Kari Johansson Jonas Eriksson Johan SundströmMartin Neovius Claude Marcus
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 96, Issue 5, 1 November 2012, https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/96/5/953/4577299

 

The effect of rate of weight loss on long-term weight regain in adults with overweight and obesity.
Vink RG, Roumans NJ, Arkenbosch LA, Mariman EC, van Baak MA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26813524

 

Myths, Presumptions, and Facts about Obesity
Krista Casazza, Ph.D., etc.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606061/

 

Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction. Results of clinical research trials.
Wadden TA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8363198

 

One-year behavioral treatment of obesity: comparison of moderate and severe caloric restriction and the effects of weight maintenance therapy.
Wadden TA, Foster GD, Letizia KA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8034818

 

Controlled trial of the metabolic effects of a very-low-calorie diet: short- and long-term effects.
Foster GD1, Wadden TA, Feurer ID, Jennings AS, Stunkard AJ, Crosby LO, Ship J, Mullen JL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2407096

 

Benefits and risks of an intensive very-low-calorie diet program for severe obesity.
Anderson JW1, Hamilton CC, Brinkman-Kaplan V.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1728126

 

The effect of rate of weight loss on long‐term weight regain in adults with overweight and obesity
Roel G. Vink, etc., 2016
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/oby.21346

 

Prolonged re-feeding improves weight maintenance after weight loss with very-low-energy diets (VLEDs)
Lena Gripeteg, Jarl Torgerson, Jan Karlsson, and Anna Karin Lindroos
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923049/

 

Intermittent vs continuous VLCD therapy in obesity treatment.
Rössner S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9504328

 

Intermittent versus daily calorie restriction: which diet regimen is more effective for weight loss?
Varady KA.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21410865

 

Assessment of fat-mass loss during weight reduction in obese women.
Fogelholm GM, Sievänen HT, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Westerterp KR.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9258284
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8680460

 

Two year maintenance of weight loss after a VLCD and behavioural therapy for obesity: correlation to the scores of questionnaires measuring eating behaviour.
Pekkarinen T, Takala I, Mustajoki P.

 

VLCD plus dietary and behavioural support versus support alone in the treatment of severe obesity. A randomised two-year clinical trial.
Torgerson JS, Lissner L, Lindroos AK, Kruijer H, Sjöström L.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9368821

 

Long-term weight maintenance after an intensive weight-loss program.
Anderson JW, Vichitbandra S, Qian W, Kryscio RJ.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10613414

 

Very-low-calorie diets and sustained weight loss.
Saris WH 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11707557

 

The effect of rate of weight loss on long-term weight management: a randomised controlled trial.
Purcell K, Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Bouniu CJ, Delbridge E, Proietto J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25459211

 

The Association Between Rate of Initial Weight Loss and Long-Term Success in Obesity Treatment: Does Slow and Steady Win the Race?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3780395/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20443094

 

Strategies to Improve Adherence to Dietary Weight Loss Interventions in Research and Real-World Settings
Alice A. Gibson and Amanda Sainsbury
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618052/

 

Long-term weight-loss maintenance: a meta-analysis of US studies.
Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC, Wood CL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11684524

 

Maintenance of weight loss after lifestyle interventions for overweight and obesity, a systematic review
JC Barte, NC ter Bogt, RP Bogers, PJ Teixeira, B Blissmer, TA Mori, and WJ Bemelmans.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0030536
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20345430

 

Systematic review of weight loss diets: role of dietary components
Jussara C. de Almeida; Ticiana C. RodriguesI; Flávia Moraes SilvaI; Mirela J. de Azevedo
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-27302009000500020&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

 

Diet and body composition. Effect of very low calorie diets and exercise.
Donnelly JE1, Jakicic J, Gunderson S.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1784876

 

Effect of the Holiday Season on Weight Gain: A Narrative Review
Rolando G. Díaz-Zavala, María F. Castro-Cantú, Mauro E. Valencia, Gerardo Álvarez-Hernández, Michelle M. Haby and Julián Esparza-Romero
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28744374 
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jobe/2017/2085136/

 

Body weight variability in men: metabolic rate, health and longevity.
Lissner L, Andres R, Muller DC, Shimokata H.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2361814 

 

 

Weight variability effects: a prospective analysis from the Stanford Five-City Project.
Taylor CB, Jatulis DE, Fortmann SP, Kraemer HC.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7879790

 

Deliberate overfeeding in women and men: energy cost and composition of the weight gain
Gilbert B. Forbes, Marilyn R. Brown, Stephen L. Welle and Barbara A. Lipinski
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3479191
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/deliberate-overfeeding-in-women-and-men-energy-cost-and-composition-of-the-weight-gain/F44C5604D2D6FFF636374D722CB3995F

 

Negative energy balance in male and female rangers: effects of 7 d of sustained exercise and food deprivation
Reed W Hoyt Per Kristian Opstad Ann-Helen Haugen James P DeLanyAllen Cymerman Karl E Friedl
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/83/5/1068.long

 

The Look AHEAD Study: A Description of the Lifestyle Intervention and the Evidence Supporting It
The Look AHEAD Research Group
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2613279/

 

Weight loss expectations in obese patients and treatment attrition: an observational multicenter study.
Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Molinari E, Petroni ML, Bondi M, Compare A, Marchesini G;
QUOVADIS Study Group.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339128

 

Adaptation of energy metabolism of overweight women to low-energy intake, studied with whole-body calorimeters.
de Boer JO, van Es AJ, Roovers LC, van Raaij JM, Hautvast JG.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3766444

 

Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight.
Leibel RL, Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199503093321001
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7632212

 

Do adaptive changes in metabolic rate favor weight regain in weight-reduced individuals? An examination of the set-point theory.
Weinsier RL, Nagy TR, Hunter GR, Darnell BE, Hensrud DD, Weiss HL.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/72/5/1088.long
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11063433

 

Lower limit of body fat in healthy active men.
Friedl KE, Moore RJ, Martinez-Lopez LE, Vogel JA, Askew EW, Marchitelli LJ, Hoyt RW, Gordon CC. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8002550

 

Body composition and energy expenditure after weight loss following bariatric surgery.
Benedetti G, Mingrone G, Marcoccia S, Benedetti M, Giancaterini A, Greco AV, Castagneto M, Gasbarrini G.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763909

 

Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935667
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673773/

 

Changes in Energy Expenditure with Weight Gain and Weight Loss in Humans
Manfred J. Müller, Janna Enderle, and Anja Bosy-Westphal 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5097076/

 

Changes in Energy Expenditure with Weight Gain and Weight Loss in Humans.
Müller MJ, Enderle J, Bosy-Westphal A.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27739007/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13679-016-0237-4

 

Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition
Erin Fothergill, etc.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oby.21538/full

 

How strongly does appetite counter weight loss? Quantification of the homeostatic control of human energy intake
David Polidori, Arjun Sanghvi, Randy Seeley, Kevin D Hall
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/04/29/051045

 

Metabolic adaptation to caloric restriction and subsequent refeeding: the Minnesota Starvation Experiment revisited
Manfred James, etc.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/102/4/807.long
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399868

 

Long-term persistence of adaptive thermogenesis in subjects who have maintained a reduced body weight
Michael Rosenbaum Jules Hirsch Dympna A Gallagher Rudolph L Leibel
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/88/4/906.full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18842775
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/88/4/906.long https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/88/4/906/4650207?ijkey=b1d3f23593ddb2d3fa37f9aab5a1f03536fab03b&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

 

Models of energy homeostasis in response to maintenance of reduced body weight
Michael Rosenbaum and Rudolph L. Leibel
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4965234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27460711

 

Issues in characterizing resting energy expenditure in obesity and after weight loss
Anja Bosy-Westphal, Wiebke Braun, Britta Schautz, and Manfred J. Müller
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3607079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532370

 

Metabolic slowing with massive weight loss despite preservation of fat-free mass.
Johannsen DL, Knuth ND, Huizenga R, Rood JC, Ravussin E, Hall KD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22535969
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387402/

 

Diet versus Exercise in “The Biggest Loser” Weight Loss Competition
Kevin D. Hall
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660472/

 

Effects of weight cycling caused by intermittent dieting on metabolic rate and body composition in obese women.
Jebb SA1, Goldberg GR, Coward WA, Murgatroyd PR, Prentice AM.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1885261

 


Effects of intentional weight cycling on non-obese young women.
Kajioka T, Tsuzuku S, Shimokata H, Sato Y.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11833040
http://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495(02)86882-2/pdf

 

Clinical significance of adaptive thermogenesis.
Major GC, Doucet E, Trayhurn P, Astrup A, Tremblay A.
https://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v31/n2/full/0803523a.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17260010

 

A weight reduction program preserves fat-free mass but not metabolic rate in obese adolescents.
Lazzer S, Boirie Y, Montaurier C, Vernet J, Meyer M, Vermorel M.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2004.30/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14981215

 

Energy metabolism after 2 y of energy restriction: the biosphere 2 experiment.
Weyer C, Walford RL, Harper IT, Milner M, MacCallum T, Tataranni PA, Ravussin E.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/72/4/946.long
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11010936

 

Energy Intake in Weight-Reduced Humans
Michael Rosenbaum, Harry R. Kissileff, Laurel E.S. Mayer, Joy Hirsch, and Rudolph L. Leibel
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2926239/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595050

 

Effect of circadian variation in energy expenditure, within-subject variation and weight reduction on thermic effect of food.
Miles CW, Wong NP, Rumpler WV, Conway J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=8491165

 

Controlled trial of the metabolic effects of a very-low-calorie diet: short- and long-term effects
G D Foster T A Wadden I D Feurer A S Jennings A J Stunkard L O Crosby J ShipJ L Mullen
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/51/2/167.abstract?sid=a5ae322a-7b9d-49d3-a222-dbae04417810

 

Effect of weight reduction on resting energy expenditure, substrate utilization, and the thermic effect of food in moderately obese women.
Nelson KM, Weinsier RL, James LD, Darnell B, Hunter G, Long CL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1570799

 

Total and resting energy expenditure in obese women reduced to ideal body weight.
Amatruda JM, Statt MC, Welle SL.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8376583

 

Energy expenditure and free-living physical activity in black and white women: comparison before and after weight loss.
Weinsier RL, etc.
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/71/5/1138.long
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10799376

 

Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise in obese subjects.
Lichtman SW, Pisarska K, Berman ER, Pestone M, Dowling H, Offenbacher E, Weisel H, Heshka S, Matthews DE, Heymsfield SB.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1454084
http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJM199212313272701?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov&

 

Metabolic adaptation following massive weight loss is related to the degree of energy imbalance and changes in circulating leptin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4236233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236175

 

Metabolic and Behavioral Compensations in Response to Caloric Restriction: Implications for the Maintenance of Weight Loss
Leanne M. Redman, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Corby K. Martin, Lilian de Jonge, Donald A. Williamson, James P. Delany, Eric Ravussin, and for the Pennington CALERIE team
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2634841/

 

Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans.
Levine JA1, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880251/

 

Regulation of Body Weight in Humans
Eric Jéquier, etc.
https://www.physiology.org/doi/10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.451

 

Daily physical activity as determined by age, body mass and energy balance
Klaas R. Westerterp
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4429144/

 

Adaptive reduction in basal metabolic rate in response to food deprivation in humans: a role for feedback signals from fat stores.
Dulloo AG, Jacquet J.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9734736

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